How to Prepare Your Domestic Heat Pump for Winter

As the colder months approach, preparing your heat pump is key to keeping your home warm. Heat pumps are an eco-friendly way to heat your home, but they do need attention before winter sets in. 

Here are the steps to take to ensure your heat pump runs efficiently, and that you avoid any unwanted breakdowns.

Inspect and Clean the Outdoor Unit

The outdoor unit of your heat pump absorbs heat from the air, even in cold weather. But over time debris like leaves, dirt and twigs can build up around it, reducing its efficiency.

  • Clear Debris: Remove leaves, branches, or dirt around the unit. Use a soft brush or a hose on a low setting. Make sure there’s at least a 2-foot clearance around the unit for proper airflow.
  • Check for Ice Build-Up: A bit of ice on the outdoor unit is normal in cold weather, but excessive ice could be a problem. If this happens often, it might signal an issue with the defrost cycle or airflow. Call a technician if needed.

Clean or Replace Filters

Dirty filters make your heat pump work harder, raising energy use and shortening the system’s lifespan.

  • Locate the Filters: Filters are found in the indoor air handling unit. They catch dust, pollen, and particles, keeping them out of the system.
  • Clean or Replace: Disposable filters typically last 3–12 months, while washable filters can last longer, but need to be cleaned monthly. If you have pets or your home collects a lot of dust, you may need to do this more often.

Test the Defrost Mode

Most heat pumps have a defrost mode to prevent ice build-up on the outdoor unit. This mode runs automatically but should be tested before winter.

  • Activate Defrost Mode: Turn it on manually (if possible) and listen for the fan to slow down or stop, which means the system is defrosting.
  • Monitor the System: Throughout winter, check the heat pump regularly. If frost builds up too often, it could indicate a problem with the defrost cycle, requiring professional service.

Check the Thermostat Settings

As the weather cools, adjust your thermostat to match your heating needs.

  • Set the Right Temperature: For most homes, a setting between 18-21°C works well. If you have a programmable thermostat, schedule lower temperatures during the night or when you're away to save energy.
  • Test the Thermostat: Ensure your thermostat communicates properly with the heat pump. If there’s no response when you adjust it, check the batteries or contact a technician.

Inspect for Leaks

Leaks in your heat pump system can cause inefficiency, and may lead to more serious damage if left unresolved.

  • Check for Leaks: Inspect seals around the heat pump's connections and refrigerant lines. Even small leaks can impact performance. Look for signs of moisture, rust, or frost buildup around the unit.
  • Seal Gaps: If you spot any leaks, you can seal small gaps with appropriate sealants, but larger issues may need professional help.

Schedule a Professional Service

While some tasks can be done on your own, it’s always smart to schedule a professional service before winter.

  • Annual Maintenance: A technician will check refrigerant flow, electrical components, and overall system health. Regular servicing can extend the life of your heat pump and prevent costly repairs.
  • Winter Readiness Check: Ask for a winter-specific check. This includes testing the defrost mode, checking the thermostat, and inspecting the outdoor unit. Early detection can prevent bigger issues during winter.

Getting your heat pump ready for winter is key to keeping your home warm and saving on energy bills. By inspecting, cleaning, and testing the system, you can avoid unnecessary repairs and ensure your heat pump runs smoothly all season. Don’t forget to schedule a professional service for added peace of mind.

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